Pseudoanthidium rozeni, GRISWOLD & BURROWS, 2022

Litman, Jessica R., Fateryga, Alexander V., Griswold, Terry L., Aubert, Matthieu, Proshchalykin, Maxim Yu., Divelec, Romain Le, Burrows, Skyler & Praz, Christophe J., 2022, Paraphyly and low levels of genetic divergence in morphologically distinct taxa: revision of the Pseudoanthidium scapulare complex of carder bees (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Anthidiini), Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 195, pp. 1287-1337 : 1325-1328

publication ID	https://doi.org/ 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab062
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:CF1BB523-4E43-486B-9A4F-E510F1854B9B
DOI	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6992802
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F887D2-FFB3-FF80-B314-F95BFD0FFB5A
treatment provided by	Plazi
scientific name	Pseudoanthidium rozeni
status	sp. nov.

Treatment

PSEUDOANTHIDIUM ROZENI GRISWOLD & BURROWS View in CoL ,

SP. NOV.

( FIGS 11H View Figure 1 , 12H View Figure 12 , 13H View Figure 13 , 23F View Figure 23 , 27B, D, F View Figure 27 )

Z o o b a n k r e g i s t r a t i o n: u r n: l s i d: z o o b a n k. org:act: 79963D17-82B6-45EA-BF0E-5B82B9ED3463 Type material: Holotype. PAKISTAN: ♂ Baluchistan, Hanna, 15 km E of Quetta, 23 May 1984, Rozen, Lodhi, Stupakoff (AMNH).

Paratypes: PAKISTAN: 3♂♂, 1♀, same data as holotype (AMNH, BBSL); 1♂, Baluchistan, Jalogir, 32 km N of Quetta, 23.v.1984, Rozen, Lodhi, Stupakoff (AMNH).

Additional material: AFGHANISTAN: 1♂, Kabul, 1740 m, 1952, J. Klapperich ( OLML); TAJIKISTAN: 1♂, Kuljab, 20.viii.1933, V.B. Popov (AMNH); 1♀, Kuljab, 11.viii.1933, V.B. Popov (BBSL).

Distribution: Afghanistan, Pakistan and Tajikistan ( Fig. 26B View Figure 26 ).

Host plant associations: Unknown.

Description female: Measurements BL = 8.3 mm, IW = 2.2 mm.

Head: Mandible yellow, except for teeth and anterior margin, which are black. Mouthparts with second segment of labial palpus 1.98 × length of first, 0.95 × length of eye. Clypeus yellow except for small transverse bar of white pre-apically; apical margin of slightly emarginate; basal half shiny with mostly dense, coarse punctation (slightly less coarse than on supraclypeal area) and with distinct flat interspaces between punctures; punctation becomes finer, denser apically where punctures almost indistinguishable and integument matte. Paraocular area yellow to upper margin of antennal socket. Antenna with anterior face of flagellum more or less brownish-ferruginous; scape and pedicel relatively long (3.63 as long as wide and 1.16 as long as wide, respectively) but flagellar segments much shorter than wide (L/W: F1 = 0.88; F2 = 0.49; F3 = 0.49; F4–F5 = 0.49; F6–F7 = 0.68; F8 = 0.89; F9 = 0.96), except the last segment (L/W = 1.63) (measurements made on a single specimen). Frons matte, with honeycomb areolate punctation. Vertex with pair of wedge-shaped lateral yellow marks on posterior margin separated by approximately distance between lateral ocelli ( Fig. 27B View Figure 27 ). Punctation of vertex relatively coarse, mostly contiguous or nearly so with shiny interspaces between punctures ( Fig. 27B View Figure 27 ); punctures as coarser than those on frons, nearly as coarse as those of mesonotum and terga ( Fig. 27B, D, F View Figure 27 ). Gena honeycomb areolate with wide but shallow punctures. Pilosity on head white or whitish, including short, dense pubescence on ventral margin of clypeus, except golden setae on mandible and labrum.

Mesosoma: Mesosoma black except as noted ( Fig. 27D View Figure 27 ). Scutum with punctation dense, not honeycombed, surface shiny; long median sulcus reaching more than half scutal length; parapsidal furrow indistinct, approximately three to four puncture diameters in length; anterior margin with pair of lateral, rectangular yellow marks with short pointed extension adjacent to tegula ( Fig. 27D View Figure 27 ). Pronotal lobe yellow ( Fig. 27D View Figure 27 ). Axilla almost entirely yellow ( Fig. 27D View Figure 27 ). Scutellum with yellow band across entire posterior margin slightly narrowed medially; punctation dense, shiny, not honeycombed ( Fig. 27D View Figure 27 ). Tegula with commashaped yellow mark anteriorly, otherwise translucent ferrugineous ( Fig. 27D View Figure 27 ). Mesepisternum with lateral face anteriorly with coarse dense, but not honeycomb areolate punctation, interspaces rounded, becoming shallow and sparse ventrally. Metepisternum with superficial, dense minute punctation. Propodeum laterally finely, densely punctate; posterior face basally with row of coalescent, shallow punctures widely interrupted medially; rest of posterior face smooth, shiny. Tarsi, tibiae, tibial spurs and distal portion of femora yellow; ventral margin of tibia 1 with rake of thick, golden setae; basitarsal brushes golden; tarsal segments with some thick golden setae apically. Wings infuscate, darkest in marginal cell.

Metasoma: Integument shiny, terga black with yellow markings ( Fig. 27F View Figure 27 ). T1 along anterior carina with dense golden fringe mostly two puncture widths long. T1–T5 black with yellow bands, widely interrupted on T1 ( Fig. 27F View Figure 27 ), decreasingly so on T2–T3 ( Fig. 27F View Figure 27 ), nearly touching posteriorly on T4, on T5 narrowly separated; T6 with pair of triangular yellow patches almost touching anteriorly, creating apical black triangle. Terga with punctures regular; punctures on discs of T1–T3 dense but not contiguous, nearly as large as those of mesonotum, slightly larger than punctation on preapical depressions of T1–T3 ( Fig. 27F View Figure 27 ); interspaces (mostly one-third or less puncture diameter apart) flat polished ( Fig. 27F View Figure 27 ); punctures on T4–T6 increasingly finer, denser. T1–T5 with apical flanges, amber on T1–T4 ( Fig. 27F View Figure 27 ), mostly clear on T5; on T1–T4 widely impunctate, on T1–T3 with maximal width of about 1.5 times diameter of broadest punctures ( Fig. 27F View Figure 27 ), impunctate margin of T4 slightly less broad, approximately 1.3 times diameter of broadest punctures, impunctate margin of T5 narrower still, from approximately 0.8 to less than 0.5 puncture diameters wide medially. T6 distinctly indented posteromedially. Scopa white.

Diagnosis female: The female of P. rozeni may be distinguished from other members of this complex by the following combination of characters: punctation on T1–T3 coarse, punctures nearly as large as those on mesonotum and black part of scutellum, with flat smooth interspaces that give integument a shiny appearance (interspaces often reach one-third of a puncture diameter) ( Fig. 27D, F View Figure 27 ); punctation of scutum dense, nearly contiguous and fairly regular, scutum thus appearing shiny ( Fig. 27D View Figure 27 ); punctation on vertex between lateral ocellus, eye and post-occipital margin relatively coarse, mostly contiguous or nearly so, with shiny interspaces between punctures ( Fig. 27B View Figure 27 ); T1 along anterior carina with dense golden fringe mostly two puncture widths long; T6 distinctly indented posteromedially.

The female of P. rozeni is most similar to P. cribratum and P. tenellum , sharing the relatively coarse punctation on the vertex between the compound eye and lateral ocellus that is no finer than that on T1 and T2, the shiny vertex and mesonotum with distinct smooth interspaces between punctures, and punctures of scutellum as dense and as large as largest punctures of T2 ( Figs. 17B, D, F View Figure 17 , 21A, C, E View Figure 21 , 27B, D, F View Figure 27 ). It differs from P. tenellum in the punctures of T2 as large as those on the black part of the scutellum instead of smaller ( Figs 21C, E View Figure 21 , 27D, F View Figure 27 ) and the presence of a distinct depression apicomedially on T6. From P. cribratum it differs by the finer punctation of T2, with punctures not visibly different from those on the black part of the scutellum, and the mesonotum with the surface between punctures polished, not shagreened ( Figs 17D, F View Figure 17 , 27D, F View Figure 27 ).

Description male: Measurements BL = 7.2–8.1 mm, IW = 1.8–2.0 mm.

Head: Integument black except where noted otherwise. Mandible cream, except for black teeth. Clypeus cream; density of punctation at base of clypeus irregular, with some punctures very close (separated by less than one-half a puncture diameter), others separated by up to several puncture diameters wide; sparsely punctate area extends medially more than halfway down clypeus; apical region with relatively dense punctation, spaces between punctures <1 puncture diameter wide, apical margin partially hidden by shaggy white pilosity. Supraclypeal area black except for pale yellow ventrally and laterally. Paraocular area pale yellow, matte, with integument reticulate and with sparse white pilosity. Antenna with base dark, with tuft of shaggy, white pilosity; anterior face of flagellum brown-ferruginous, posterior face of flagellum dark brown. Frons with shaggy white pubescence. Vertex with pair of widely separated yellow stripes on posterior margin; with moderately long, white hairs; punctation coarse but not honeycomb areolate, punctures similar in size to those of scutum. Gena with punctures broad, shallow, not areolate.

Mesosoma : Integument mostly black. Scutum and black part of scutellum with punctation dense, coarse, not areolate, with spaces between punctures <0.25 puncture diameter wide, shiny; punctures similar in size to those on vertex, slightly smaller than those of T1–T3. Scutum anterior margin with pair of lateral, rectangular yellow markings separated by width greater than each of them; surfaced covered with long, sparse white setae. Pronotal lobe mostly to entirely yellow. Axilla with yellow mark present or absent. Scutellum posterior yellow stripe narrowly interrupted. Tegula with crescent yellow mark anteriorly, posteriorly translucent ferruginous. Mesepisternum shiny, with coarse, honeycomb areolate punctation anteriorly, becoming shallow and sparser posteriorly. Mesepisternum without coloured maculations, punctation foveolate. Propodeum laterally finely, densely punctate; basally with row of coalescent, shallow punctures distinctly interrupted medially; posterior face smooth and shiny. Legs with tarsi, tibiae and apical portions of femora yellow. Tibial spurs light yellow-gold. Trochanters with white pilosity, long and shaggy on fore and midlegs, moderately long, even on hindleg. Wings infuscate, heavily so in marginal cell.

Metasoma: Terga with integument shiny. T1–T5 black with yellow bands, widely interrupted on T1, decreasingly so on T2–T3, on T4 partially joined, T5 entire; T6–T7 entirely yellow. Punctures on T1–T3 broad with shiny spaces between punctures <0.5 puncture diameter wide; punctures broader than those of mesonotum; punctures on T4–T7 increasingly finer and denser; T1–T6 with apical flanges, on T1–T4 widely impunctate, on T1–T3 with maximal width of about 1.5 times diameter of broadest punctures, impunctate margin of T4 slightly less broad, approximately 1.3 times diameter of broadest punctures, impunctate margin of T5 narrower still, from approximately 0.8 to less than 0.5 puncture diameters wide medially; T6 margin narrow, entirely punctate. T7 narrow, about two-thirds the length of T6, not emarginate posteriorly. S2 with short, dense, velvety pubescence anteriorly, separated from shiny and nearly glabrous depressed, chevron-shaped posterior zone by fringe of long, palecoloured hairs ( Fig. 13H View Figure 13 ). S3 with short, dense, velvety golden pubescence anteriorly in the form of apically rounded chevron, with dense patch of short, dense, velvety white pubescence laterally; hairless medially zone in form of trapezoid with median longitudinal rib ( Fig. 12H View Figure 12 ); hairs on premarginal zone arranged in a brushy arc with apically bent but not forming a distinctly rounded hook, exposing nearly entire length of underlying comb of wavy hairs ( Fig. 12H View Figure 12 ); apically with an underlying comb of thickened, wavy hairs ( Fig. 12H View Figure 12 ). S4 anteriorly with two depressed quadrate lateral patches of dense velvety pubescence separated by glabrous rib; apical band shiny, glabrous; midapical margin with small transparent flap almost half circle, as wide as long. S5 with lateral comb mitten-shaped, ‘thumb’ of mitten reduced to a small nub, so that apical margin is nearly straight ( Fig. 11H View Figure 11 ). Gonostylus widest near the apex, more than twice as wide at widest point as at base ( Fig. 23F View Figure 23 ); notch at apex of gonostylus U-shaped, as deep as wide at opening, position acentric to outside ( Fig. 23F View Figure 23 ). Inner margin of gonostylus most strongly curved near apex, outer margin most strongly curved about two-thirds of way between base and apex ( Fig. 23F View Figure 23 ). Penis valves nearly parallel-sided, pointed at tips ( Fig. 23F View Figure 23 ).

Diagnosis male: Pseudoanthidium rozeni is morphologically most similar to P. tenellum . In males, P. rozeni may be differentiated from P. tenellum by the shape of the mitten-shaped lateral comb on S5, which has a distinct thumb in P. tenellum and just a nub in P. rozeni ( Fig. 11D, H View Figure 11 ); the shape of the gonostylus, which is deeply notched in P. rozeni whereas only slightly notched in P. tenellum ( Figs 10C View Figure 10 , 23F View Figure 23 ); S3 with basal patch of golden pubescence rounded apically, versus pointed apically in P. tenellum ; and S4 with apical translucent flap a semicircle instead of much broader than long in P. tenellum .

Etymology: It is a pleasure to recognize Jerry Rozen, colleague and friend, who has contributed extensively to our knowledge of bee-nesting behaviour and immature stages worldwide and in the process collected many species new to science including P. rozeni . He has contributed greatly to training new generations of bee researchers through his leadership in the Bee Course hosted at the South-West Research Station.