Homoneura (Homoneura) henanensis, Yang, Zhu & Hu, 1999

Shi, Li, Gao, Xue Feng & Shen, Rong Rong, 2017, Four new species of the subgenus Homoneura from Jiangxi Province, China (Diptera: Lauxaniidae: Homoneura), Zootaxa 4365 (3), pp. 361-377 : 362-363

Key to separate the species in the Homoneura (Homoneura) henanensis group

[Modified from Shi & Yang, 2014, inserting the four new species into the key]

1. Wing with brown spot at tip of Sc and R 1 slightly elongating to costal margin (see Shatalkin, 2000: fig. 28); surstylus claviform with 3 long setulae, postgonite long coniform with 5 short setulae (see Sasakawa, 1982: fig. 4).................................................................................................... H. (H.) hirayamae (Matsumura)

- Wing without brown spot at tip of Sc and R 1 ................................................................ 2

2. Basal edge of brown apical spot on R 2+3 at same vertical level of crossvein dm-cu ( Figs 1 , 34 )......................... 3

- Basal edge of brown apical spot on R 2+3 behind vertical level of crossvein dm-cu ( Figs 13, 14 , 20 )...................... 6

3. Palpus entirely yellow ( Fig. 29 ).......................................................................... 4

- Palpus yellow except for black at tip........................................... H. (H.) dadongshanica Shi & Yang

4. Subcostal cell hyaline; surstylus with a small acute teeth-like process in lateral view........... H. (H.) brevis Gao & Yang

- Subcostal cell brown apically ( Figs 1 , 34 ); surstylus without teeth-like process in lateral view......................... 5

5. Surstylus short and broad, with a row of long apical setulae ( Fig. 5 ); pregonite blunt round with a medial setulae and postgonite subuliform apically ( Fig. 9 )........................................................ H. (H.) jiangxiensis sp. nov.

- Surstylus consisting of a wide knife-like process with many short ventral hairs and a triangular process, incurved apically ( Fig. 35 ); pregonite subuliform and postgonite furcated apically ( Fig. 39 )........................... H. (H.) stepheni sp. nov.

6. Basal edge of brown apical spot on R 2+3 at same vertical level of apical spot on R 4+5; apical spot on R 4+5 close to brown spot on crossvein dm-cu or at least 2/3 length of ultimate section of M 1 ................................................. 7

- Basal edge of brown apical spot on R 4+5 behind vertical level of apical spot on R 2+3; apical spot on R 4+5 far from brown spot on crossvein dm-cu and shorter than 2/3 length of ultimate section of M 1 ........................................... 10

7. Apical spot on R 4+5 close to brown spot on crossvein dm-cu; ctenidium with 16 short setae on fore femur; surstylus acute apically in lateral view; pregonite absent; postgonite consisting of a bifurcated process and a subuliform process in ventral view (see Shi & Yang, 2014: figs 102, 105)............................................. H. (H.) denticulata Shi & Yang

- Apical spot on R 4+5 about 2/3 length of ultimate section of M 1, not close to brown spot on crossvein dm-cu; ctenidium with 12- 14 short setae on fore femur; surstylus blunt apically in lateral view, pregonite with a reverse U-shaped process and postgonite consisting a pair of subuliform processes in ventral view...................................................... 8

8. Hypandrium with a short ventral process; pregonite with a pair of reverse U-shaped process in ventral view; postgonite short subuliform, but pregonite longer than postgonite in ventral view................................................ 9

- Hypandrium with a long ventral process; shape of pregonite and postgonite as above, but pregonite shorter than postgonite in ventral view (see Shi & Yang, 2014: figs 198, 199)............................ H. (H.) pseudograndis Papp & Gaimari

9. Phallus with a pair of lateral teeth subapically in ventral view; two arms of reverse U-shaped pregonite asymmetrical distinctly (see Shi & Yang, 2014: figs 258, 259)............................................ H. (H.) simigrandis Shi & Yang

- Phallus without a pair of lateral teeth subapically in ventral view; two arms of reverse U-shaped pregonite almost symmetrical in length (see Papp & Gaimari, 2013: fig. 14)............................................ H. (H.) grandis (Kertész)

10. Wing with brown string-like spot on R 2+3 and apical spots on R 4+5 and M 1; epandrium slender and surstylus acute apically with a long seta in lateral view....................................................... H. (H.) curvispina Gao & Yang

- Wing with round, elliptical or quadrate spot on R 2+3, R 4+5 and M 1, not as above; epandrium and surstylus not as above...... 11

11. Wing with brown apical spots on R 2+3, R 4+5 and M 1 entirely confluent, or slightly confluent and forming pale brown connecting area between apical spots on R 2+3, R 4+5 and M 1 .............................................................. 12

- Wing with brown apical spots on R 4+5 and M 1 confluent, separated from apical spot on R 2+3, or apical spots on R 2+3, R 4+5 and M 1 entirely separated..................................................................................... 15

12. Brown medial spot on R 4+5 separated from brown cloud on crossvein dm-cu...................................... 13

- Brown medial spot on R 4+5 confluent with brown cloud on crossvein dm-cu....................................... 14

13. Body length 8.6 mm; basal edge of brown apical spot on R 2+3 at same vertical level of crossvein dm-cu; a large rectangular spot on R 4+5, at middle point of distance between crossveins r-m and dm-cu; only female known....................................................................................................... H. (H.) yaromi Yang, Hu & Zhu

- Body length 5.7–6.3 mm; basal edge of brown apical spot on R 2+3 behind vertical level of crossvein dm-cu; a small round or quadrate spot on R 4+5, slightly beyond middle point of distance between crossveins r-m and dm-cu ( Figs 13, 14 ); both female and male known.................................................................... H. (H.) martini sp. nov.

14. Antennal 1 st flagellomere brown except for yellow base; fore femur with 4 posteroventral setae; hypandrium circular; surstylus wide claviform with two apical setulae in posterior view.......................... H. (H.) guizhouensis Gao & Yang

- Antennal 1 st flagellomere entirely yellow; fore femur with 6 posteroventral setae; hypandrium semicircular; surstylus consisting of a triangular outer process and a short claviform inner process in lateral view.............. H. (H.) yangi Gao & Yang

15. Wing with brown apical spot on R 4+5 and M 1 slightly confluent and forming pale brown connecting area between two apical spots; apical spot on R 2+3 distinctly separated from apical spot on R 4+5 ........................................... 16

- Wing with brown apical spots on R 2+3, R 4+5 and M 1 entirely separated............................................ 25

16. Mesonotum with acrostichal setulae in 10 rows............................................................. 17

- Mesonotum with acrostichal setulae in 6–8 rows............................................................ 19

17. Subcostal cell brown apically; abdominal tergites 2–5 without pale brown posterior margin; postgonite extending to apical tip of phallus in ventral view (see Gao & Yang, 2004: fig. 42); surstylus not as above................................. 18

- Subcostal cell hyaline; abdominal tergites 2–5 with pale brown posterior margin; postgonite not extending to apical tip of phallus in ventral view; surstylus bulged claviform, with long setulae in lateral view (see Yang et al, 2001: figs 7–9).................................................................................... H. (H.) bispinalis Yang, Hu & Zhu

18. Surstylus T-shaped and rounded apically in lateral view (see Yang et al, 2003: fig. 29-801B).................................................................................................. H. (H.) fujianensis Yang, Zhu & Hu

- Surstylus short claviform in lateral view and curved upward apically in posterior view (see Gao & Yang, 2004: figs 38, 40).............................................................................. H. (H.) tianeensis Gao & Yang

19. Abdomen pale brown, tergites 1–6 with black posterior margin; surstylus straight claviform in lateral view.............................................................................................. H. (H.) serrata Gao & Yang

- Abdomen yellow, tergites 1–6 without brown posterior margin; surstylus not as above.............................. 20

20. Mid femur with 5 a ................................................................................... 21

- Mid femur with 4 a; surstylus not as above................................................................ 22

21. Surstylus consisting of a small acute apical process, directed downward and a slender knife-like process with dense setulae on dorsal margin in lateral view.................................................. H. (H.) henanensis Yang, Zhu & Hu

- Surstylus long claviform in lateral view with1–2 long setulae and a few of short hairs............. H. (H.) pangae sp. nov.

22. Wing with a brown spot between r-m and apical spot on R 4+5 distinctly or slightly confluent with brown spot on crossvein dmcu; epandrium not projecting backward, surstylus claviform or digitiform........................................ 23

- Wing with a brown quadrate spot between r-m and apical spot on R 4+5 separated from brown spot on crossvein dm-cu; epandrium and surstylus not as above........................................................................ 24

23. Ctenidium with 15 short setae on ventral margin of fore femur; surstylus absent; pregonite short, broad and acute apically in ventral view; postgonite consisting of a furcated process and a slender subuliform process in ventral view....................................................................................... H. (H.) curvispinosa Yang, Hu & Zhu

- Ctenidium with 13 short setae on ventral margin of fore femur; surstylus digitiform with long setulae in lateral view; pregonite and postgonite furcated apically, pregonite shorter than postgonite in ventral view......... H. (H.) zonalis Yang, Zhu & Hu

24. Fore femur with 3 posteroventral setae; epandrium blunt triangular apically; surstylus separated from epandrium and originated from anterior ventral corner of epandrium, with dense tiny setulae on apical 2/3 (Fig. 300)................................................................................................ H. (H.) tianjingshanica Shi & Yang

- Fore femur with 4 posteroventral setae; epandrium and surstylus fused, blunt round apically................................................................................................. H. (H.) tianmushana Yang, Hu & Zhu

25. Ctenidium with 17–19 short setae on ventral margin of fore femur; epandrium with a small acute process on anterior ventral corner; surstylus consisting of a small triangular anterior ventral process and a broad apical process with a tiny triangular apical tip and long setulae in lateral view (see Shi & Yang, 2014: figs 327, 329)............ H. (H.) zhangjiajiensis Shi & Yang

- Ctenidium with 12–15 short setae on ventral margin of fore femur; epandrium and surstylus not as above............... 26

26. Ctenidium with 15 short setae on ventral margin of fore femur; pregonite and postgonite long subuliform in ventral view.. 27

- Ctenidium with 12–13 short setae on ventral margin of fore femur; pregonite and postgonite not as above............... 28

27. Surstylus very broad ball-like with a triangular process apically in laterl view; hypandrium H-shaped; phallus acute subapically in lateral view (see Wang et al, 2012: figs 30–33)......................... H. (H.) kuankuoshuiensis Wang & Yang

- Surstylus narrow, acute apically in lateral view; hypandrium Y-shaped; phallus blunt round subapically in lateral view (see Shi & Yang, 2014: figs 66, 70).......................................................... H. (H.) chinensis Malloch

28. Subcostal cell hyaline apically; surstylus consisting of a slender knife-shaped process and a furcated process with several setulae on subapical and apical margin and a small tooth on lateral margin in lateral view (see Wang et al, 2012: fig. 18)........................................................................................ H. (H.) caoi Wang & Yang

- Subcostal cell dark apically; surstylus not as above.......................................................... 29

29. Mid femur with 5 a; mesonotum with acrostichal setulae in 8 rows; surstylus wide claviform, truncate apically, without acute apical process in lateral view; pregonite absent; postgonite wide triangular, constricted apically and curved upward in ventral view....................................................................... H. (H.) curvata Yang, Zhu & Hu

- Mid femur with 4 a or 6–8 a; mesonotum with acrostichal setulae in 10 rows.......................................... 30

30. A brown elliptical spot present between r-m and apical spot on R 4+5; mid femur with 6–8 a; surstylus curved knife-like, acute apically in lateral view; pregonite absent and postgonite longer than phallus, long subuliform, curved forward apically in lateral view (see Gao & Yang, 2004: figs 31, 32, 36).................................... H. (H.) longispina Gao & Yang

- A brown square spot present between r-m and apical spot on R 4+5; mid femur with 4 a; surstylus short, triangular and acutate apically, with several long setae on dorsal margin and a row of short setulae on ventral margin in lateral view; both pregonite and postgonite short subuliform, about half length of phallus in ventral view (see Yang et al, 1999: figs 4–6).. H. (H.) acutata Yang, Zhu & Hu

Figures

FIGURES 1–4. Homoneura (Homoneura) jiangxiensis sp. nov. Female. 1. body, lateral view; 2, 3. head, anterior and lateral view; 4. thorax, dorsal view.

FIGURES 29–34. Homoneura (Homoneura) stepheni sp. nov. Female. 29. body, lateral view; 30, 31. head, lateral and dorsal view; 32. thorax, dorsal view; 33. apex of male abdomen, lateral view; 34. wing.

FIGURES 10–14. Homoneura (Homoneura) martini sp. nov. Female. 10. body, lateral view; 11. head, anterior view; 12. thorax, dorsal view; 13,14. wing.

FIGURES 20–23. Homoneura (Homoneura) pangae sp. nov. Male. 20. body, lateral view; 21. head, lateral view; 22. thorax, dorsal view; 23. apex of abdomen, lateral view.

FIGURES 5–9. Homoneura (Homoneura) jiangxiensis sp. nov. Male. 5. syntergosternite and epandrium, lateral view; 6. syntergosternite, anterior view; 7. epandrial complex, posterior view; 8. phallus complex, ventral view; 9. phallus complex, lateral view. Scale bar =0.1mm.

FIGURES 35–39. Homoneura (Homoneura) stepheni sp. nov. Male. 35. syntergosternite and epandrium, lateral view; 36. syntergosternite, anterior view; 37. epandrial complex, posterior view; 38. phallus complex, ventral view; 39. phallus complex, lateral view. Scale bar =0.1mm.