Califia schmitti (Pettibone, 1957)

Blake, James A., 2021, New species and records of Orbiniidae (Annelida, Polychaeta) from continental shelf and slope depths of the Western North Atlantic Ocean, Zootaxa 4930 (1), pp. 1-123 : 70-75

publication ID

https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.4930.1.1

publication LSID

lsid:zoobank.org:pub:97110C21-173C-4552-96AC-4B5DC987FF1C

DOI

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4678537

persistent identifier

https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C9912C-FF97-FFFD-01A7-17CBFD21FEFC

treatment provided by

Plazi

scientific name

Califia schmitti (Pettibone, 1957)
status

 

Califia schmitti (Pettibone, 1957) View in CoL

Figures 36–37 View FIGURE 36 View FIGURE 37

Scoloplos (Scoloplos) schmitti Pettibone, 1957: 164 View in CoL , fig. 3; 1963: 287–288, fig. 74d.

Califia schmitti: Hartman 1959: 364 View in CoL ; 1965: 127–128; Hartman & Fauchald 1971: 91; Blake et al. 1987: C-4; Maciolek et al. 1987a: D-4; Maciolek et al. 1987b: D-3; Hilbig 1994: 942.

Califia calida: Taylor 1984: 1-21 View in CoL to 1-23, Figs. 1-21 View FIGURE 1 View FIGURE 2 View FIGURE 3 View FIGURE 4 View FIGURE 5 View FIGURE 6 View FIGURE 7 View FIGURE 8 View FIGURE 9 View FIGURE 10 View FIGURE 11 View FIGURE 12 View FIGURE 13 View FIGURE 14 View FIGURE 15 View FIGURE 16 View FIGURE 17 View FIGURE 18 View FIGURE 19 View FIGURE 20 View FIGURE 21 to 1-22. Not Hartman 1957.

Material examined. (97 specimens) Off New England, US North Atlantic ACSAR program, coll. G.W. Hampson, Chief Scientist. Sta. 3: Cruise NA-2, Rep. 2, 26 Apr 1985, 41°01.34′N, 66°20.21′W, 1340 m (3, USNM 1622214 View Materials ) GoogleMaps ; Rep. 3, 26 Apr 1985, 41°01.28′N, 66°20.25′W, 1345 m (1 juv., USNM 1622215 View Materials ) GoogleMaps ; Cruise NA-4, Rep. 2, 22 Nov 1985, 41°01.42′N, 66°20.32′W, 1334 m (1 juv., USNM 1622216 View Materials ) GoogleMaps ; Rep. 3, 22 Nov 1985, 41°01.45′N, 66°20.35′W, 1330 m (1, USNM 1622217 View Materials ) GoogleMaps ; Cruise NA-6, Rep. 1, 25 Jul 1986, 41°01.55′N, 66°20.12′W, 1345 m (1, USNM 1622218 View Materials ) GoogleMaps . Sta. 8: Cruise NA-2, Rep. 2, 28 Apr 1985, 41°10.27′N, 67°37.22′W, 2180 m (2, USNM 1622219 View Materials ) GoogleMaps ; Cruise NA-5, Rep. 2, 29 Apr 1986, 41°10.19′N, 67°37.29′W, 2165 m (1 juv., USNM 1622220 View Materials ) GoogleMaps . Sta. 9: Cruise NA-4, Rep. 1, 27 Nov 1985, 39°50.42′N, 70°01.65′W, 1224 m (1, USNM 1622221 View Materials ) GoogleMaps ; Rep. 3, 27 Nov 1985, 39°50.39′N, 70°01.65′W, 1239 m (1, USNM 1622222 View Materials ) GoogleMaps ; Cruise NA-6, Rep. 1, 28 Jul 1986, 39°50.37′N, 70°01.72′W, 1233 m (2, USNM 1622223 View Materials ) GoogleMaps . Sta. 10: Cruise NA-2, Rep. 1, 03 May 1985, 39°48.19′N, 70°05.26′W, 1210 m (1, USNM 1622224 View Materials ) GoogleMaps ; Cruise NA- 4, Rep. 3, 27 Nov 1985, 39°48.10′N, 70°05.33′W, 1219 m (2, USNM 1622225 View Materials ) GoogleMaps . Sta. 13: Cruise NA-1, Rep. 1, 15 Nov 1984, 39°54.32′N, 70°55.09′W, 558 m (1, USNM 1622226 View Materials ) GoogleMaps ; Cruise NA-4, Rep. 3, 30 Nov 1985, 39°54.32′N, 70°55.12′W, 544 m (1, USNM 1622227 View Materials ) GoogleMaps .— Off New Jersey and Delaware, U.S. Mid-Atlantic ACSAR program, coll. R.M. Petrecca, Chief Scientist. Sta. 3: Cruise Mid-1, Rep. 1, 05 May 1984, 38°36.3′88N, 70°51.41′W, 2055 m (1, USNM 1622228 View Materials ) ; Rep. 3, 05 May 1984, 38°36.86′N, 70°51.29′W, 2060 m (1, USNM 1622229 View Materials ) GoogleMaps . Sta. 5: Cruise Mid-1, Rep. 2, 08 May 1984, 38°50.54′N, 72°33.18′W, 2055 m (1, USNM 1622230 View Materials ) GoogleMaps ; Cruise Mid-2, Rep. 1, 01 Aug 1984, 38°50.42′N, 72°33.03′W, 2089 m (1, USNM 1622231 View Materials ) GoogleMaps ; Rep. 2, 01 Aug 1984, 38°50.42′N, 72°33.05′W, 2089 m (1, USNM 1622232 View Materials ) GoogleMaps ; Rep. 3, 01 Aug 1984, 38°50.52′N, 72°33.96′W, 2074 m (4, USNM 1622233 View Materials ) GoogleMaps ; Cruise Mid-4, Rep. 1, 16 May 1985, 38°50.46′N, 72°33.23′W, 2080 m (4, USNM 1622234 View Materials ) GoogleMaps ; Cruise Mid-6, Rep. 2, 11 Nov 1985, 38°50.49′N, 72°33.127′W, 2079 m (1, USNM 1622235 View Materials ) GoogleMaps . Sta. 6: Cruise Mid-1, Rep. 3, 03 May 1984, 39°05.59′N, 72°03.00′W, 2090 m (1, USNM 1622236 View Materials ) GoogleMaps ; Cruise Mid-3, Rep. 3, 28 Nov 1984, 39°05.65′N, 72°03.08′W, 2085 m (1, USNM 1622237 View Materials ) GoogleMaps . Sta. 7: Cruise Mid-1, Rep. 3, 06 May 1984, 38°27.34′N, 72°03.48′W, 2100 m (1, USNM 1622238 View Materials ) GoogleMaps ; Cruise Mid-2, Rep. 3, 06 Aug 1984, 38°27.34′N, 72°03.48′W, 2100 m (2, USNM 1622239 View Materials ) GoogleMaps . Sta. 8: Cruise Mid-2, Rep. 3, 08 Aug 1984, 38°27.18′N, 73°04.78′W, 2159 m (1, USNM 1622240 View Materials ) GoogleMaps . Sta. 9: Cruise Mid-6, Rep. 3, 17 Nov 1985, 38°17.24′N, 72°14.51′W, 2104 m (1, USNM 1622241 View Materials ) GoogleMaps . Sta. 11: Cruise Mid-1, Rep. 1, 07 May 1984, 38°40.16′N, 72°56.82′W, 1515 m (1, USNM 1622242 View Materials ) GoogleMaps ; Rep. 3, 07 Aug 1984, 38°40.22′N, 72°56.27′W, 1520 m (1, USNM 1622243 View Materials ) GoogleMaps . Sta. 13: Cruise Mid-1, Rep. 1, 02 Apr 1984, 37°53.33′N, 73°45.09′W, 1613 m (1, USNM 1622244 View Materials ) GoogleMaps ; Cruise Mid-2, Rep. 1, 07 Aug 1984, 37°53.35′N, 73°45.01′W, 1614 m (1, USNM 1622245 View Materials ) GoogleMaps ; Cruise Mid-3, Rep. 2, 30 Nov 1984, 37°53.29′N, 73°45.11′W, 1612 m (1, USNM 1622246 View Materials ) GoogleMaps ; Cruise Mid-4, Rep. 1, 19 May 1985, 37°53.26′N, 73°45.25′W, 1615 m (1, USNM 1622247 View Materials ) GoogleMaps ; Cruise Mid-6, Rep. 3, 16 Nov 1985, 37°53.23′N, 73°45.27′W, 1607 m (2, USNM 1622248 View Materials ) GoogleMaps . Sta. 14: Cruise Mid-1, Rep. 2, 02 Apr 1984, 37°53.79′N, 73°44.78′W, 1503 m (1, USNM 1622249 View Materials ) GoogleMaps ; Cruise Mid-5, Rep. 3, 10 Aug 1985, 37°53.79′N, 73°44.79′W, 1490 m (1, USNM 1622250 View Materials ) GoogleMaps .— Southeastern USA, U.S. South Atlantic ACSAR program, coll. J.A. Blake, Chief Scientist. Off Cape Hatteras, NC, Sta. 10: Cruise SA-4, Rep. 3, 24 May 1985, 35°26.44′N, 74°41.30′W, 1985 m (1, USNM 1622251 View Materials ) GoogleMaps . Hatteras Canyon, Sta. 6: Cruise SA-1, Rep. 3, 19 Nov 1983, 34°48.53′N, 75°16.22′W, 2060 m (7, USNM 1622252 View Materials ) GoogleMaps ; Cruise SA-2, Rep. 1, 25 May 1984, 34°49.90′N, 75°13.50′W, 1974 m (7, USNM 1622253 View Materials ) GoogleMaps ; Rep. 2, 25 May 1984, 34°50.20′N, 75°13.40′W, 1979 m (9, USNM 1622254 View Materials ) GoogleMaps ; Rep. 3, 25 May 1984, 34°49.90′N, 75°13.70′W, 1984 m (5, USNM 1622255 View Materials ) GoogleMaps ; Cruise SA-3, Rep. 1, 20 Jul 1984, 34°49.80′N, 75°13.50′W, 2003 m (3, USNM 1622256 View Materials ) GoogleMaps . Off Cape Lookout, NC, Sta. 2: Cruise SA-3, Rep. 2, 15 Jul 1984, 34°15.00′N, 74°43.70′W, 1002 m (1, USNM 1622257 View Materials ) GoogleMaps . Sta. 3: Cruise SA-2, Rep. 2, 27 Mar 1984, 34°14.63′N, 75°40.17′W, 1513 m (7, USNM 1622258 View Materials ) GoogleMaps ; Cruise SA-3, 15 Jul 1984, 34°15.10′N, 75°40.30′W, 1489 m (7, USNM 1622259 View Materials ) GoogleMaps . Sta. 4: Cruise SA-1, Rep. 1, 16 Nov 1983, 34°11.68′N, 75°39.54′W, 1860 m (3, USNM 1622260 View Materials ) GoogleMaps ; Cruise SA-4, 23 May 1985, Rep. 2, 23 May 1985, 34°11.22′N, 75°38.44′W, 2051 m (2, USNM 1622261 View Materials ) GoogleMaps ; Rep. 3, 23 May 1985, 34°11.29′N, 75°38.67′W, 2015 m (1, USNM 1622262 View Materials ) GoogleMaps ; Cruise SA-6, Rep. 3, 24 Nov 1985, 34°11.23′N, 75°38.53′W, 2057 m (1, USNM 1622263 View Materials ) GoogleMaps . Off Cape Fear, NC, Sta. 11: Cruise SA-5, Rep. 3, 23 Sep 1985, 33°04.86′N, 76°25.12′W, 797 m (1, USNM 1622264 View Materials ) GoogleMaps ; Cruise SA-6, Rep. 1, 22 Nov. 1985, 33°04.95′N, 76°25.15′W, 804 m (1, USNM 1622265 View Materials ) GoogleMaps . Off Charleston, SC, Sta. 14: Cruise SA-4, Rep. 3, 20 May 1985, 32°23.67′N, 76°01.17′W, 803 m (1, USNM 1622266 View Materials ) GoogleMaps .

Comparative material examined. (19 specimens) Gulf of Mexico, off Louisiana, Virgo Platform Survey , R/ V Brooks McCall, coll. J.A. Blake, Chief Scientist: Sta. V-1W, 11 Nov 2008, 29°10.9217′N, 088°10.2920′W, 340 m (1, MCZ 161670 View Materials ) GoogleMaps . Sta. V-2W, 11 Nov 2008, 29°10.9205′N, 088°10.3563′W, 347 m (1, MCZ 161671 View Materials ) GoogleMaps . Sta. V-1E, 11 Nov 2008, 29°10.9167′N, 088°10.09.8484′W, 340 m (1, MCZ 161672 View Materials ) . Sta. V-2E, 11 Nov 2008, 29°10.9147′N, 088°09.7865′W, 340 m (1, MCZ 161673 View Materials ) GoogleMaps . Sta. V-3E, 11 Nov 2008, 29°10.9240′N, 088°09.7202′W, 340 m (2, MCZ 161674 View Materials ) GoogleMaps . Sta. V-1S, 11 Nov 2008, 29°10.7201′N, 088°10.0711′W, 361 m (2, MCZ 161675 View Materials ) GoogleMaps . Sta. V-2S, 11 Nov 2008, 29°10.6701′N, 088°10.0716′W, 364 m (3, MCZ 161676 View Materials ) GoogleMaps . Sta. V-3S, 11 Nov 2008, 29°10.6119′N, 088°10.0718′W, 361 m (1, MCZ 161677 View Materials ) GoogleMaps . Sta. V-1N, 11 Nov 2008, 29°11.1133′N, 088°10.0726′W, 335 m (1, MCZ 161678 View Materials ) GoogleMaps . Sta. V- 2N, 11 Nov 2008, 29°11.1637′N, 088°10.0756′W, 331 m (3, MCZ 161679 View Materials ) GoogleMaps . Sta. V-3N, 11 Nov 2008, 29°11.2189′N, 088°10.0730′W, 330 m (2, MCZ 161680 View Materials ) GoogleMaps . Sta. V-4N, 12 Nov 2008, 29°11.4926′N, 088°10.0801′W, 313 m (1, MCZ 161681 View Materials ) GoogleMaps .

Description. A moderate to large species; complete specimen (USNM 1622224) with 125 setigers, 22.7 mm long and 0.5 mm wide across thoracic segments. Larger specimens all incomplete; one (USNM 1622224) with 60

setigers, 15 mm long and 1.3 mm wide; Pettibone (1957) recorded an incomplete specimen with 50 setigers, 20 mm long and 2 mm wide. Thoracic setigers about six times as wide as long ( Fig. 36A View FIGURE 36 ); abdominal segments short, crowded, about 20 times as wide as long. First three setigers thickened on larger specimens due to modified neuropodia; with shallow mid-ventral groove on first 4–6 setigers ( Fig. 37A View FIGURE 37 ). Thoracic segments uniannulate except for mid-dorsal intersegmental area from about setiger 9 where mid-dorsal swelling becomes evident ( Fig. 36A View FIGURE 36 ); abdominal segments bi- or triannulate, best developed on venter. Color in alcohol light tan; some specimens with mid-dorsal intersegmental areas with dark pigment from about setigers 9–10 and on a few anterior abdominal segments.

Pre-setiger region triangular, about as long as first two setigers ( Fig. 36 View FIGURE 36 A–B). Prostomium short, conical, tapering to narrow apex ( Fig. 36 View FIGURE 36 A–B); eyespots absent; nuchal organs inconspicuous narrow slits on posterior-lateral margins. Peristomium short, wider than long, smooth dorsally, with a single annular ring surrounding elongate mouth opening ( Fig. 36B View FIGURE 36 ); lateral lips composed of 5–6 rounded lobes on either side and single narrow anterior and posterior oral lobes; oral apparatus extending posteriorly about half way onto setiger 1 ( Figs. 36B View FIGURE 36 , 37C View FIGURE 37 ).

Thorax on all large specimens with 13 setigers. Setigers 1–3 with short, papillate postsetal notopodial lamellae ( Fig. 36D View FIGURE 36 ); neuropodia with similar but larger postsetal lobes ( Fig. 36D View FIGURE 36 ). Subsequent thoracic segments with elongate, digitate noto- and neuropodial postsetal lamellae ( Fig. 36G View FIGURE 36 ). Abdominal notopodia narrow, elongate ( Fig. 36I View FIGURE 36 ); abdominal neuropodia dorsally elevated, apically expanded and divided into two short equal lobes between which capillary setae arise ( Fig. 36I View FIGURE 36 ), usually in two separate fascicles; narrow acicula present, difficult to observe.

Branchiae from setiger 9, full-sized from first, overall relatively short and narrow ( Fig. 36A View FIGURE 36 ); branchiae of abdominal segments generally wider ( Fig. 36I View FIGURE 36 ), but not longer than those of thoracic setigers ( Fig. 36G View FIGURE 36 ).

All thoracic notosetae dense fascicles of camerated capillaries. Setigers 1–3 with modified neurosetae, thus differing in superficial appearance from setiger 4 and following segments having only fascicle of capillaries ( Figs. 36D View FIGURE 36 , 37 View FIGURE 37 A–B); anomalous extra neuropodial spines on setiger 4 rarely observed; one specimen (USNM 1622218) with a full complement of modified neurosetae one side of setiger 4 but only capillaries on the other side ( Fig. 37C View FIGURE 37 ). Thoracic neurosetae of setigers 1–3, rarely 4 of three types: (1) anterior row of 10 or more short, narrow ribbed uncini with adhering sheath, fragmenting apically into tattered bristles ( Figs. 36E View FIGURE 36 , 37E View FIGURE 37 ); (2) 1–2 rows of long, smooth heavy spines bearing narrow adhering sheath apically divided into bristles, bristles sometimes extending beyond end of seta ( Figs. 36F View FIGURE 36 , 37 View FIGURE 37 F–G); and (3) superior fascicle of thin camerated capillaries ( Fig. 36D View FIGURE 36 ); subsequent thoracic setigers with dense fascicles of short and long camerated capillaries ( Fig. 37D View FIGURE 37 ). Abdominal notosetae including long, camerated capillaries and 2–3 delicate furcate setae; flail setae absent. Furcate setae with unequal tynes each bearing thin row of needles projecting medially; shaft with transverse rows of barbs ( Fig. 36H View FIGURE 36 ). Abdominal neurosetae 5–10 thin smooth capillaries; with 1–2 thin projecting aciculae.

Pygidium a rounded lobe with two long, thin anal cirri ( Fig. 36C View FIGURE 36 ).

Remarks. Pettibone (1957) reported the absence of neuropodial postsetal lobes on the modified setigers 1–3; however, a short thickened papillate lobe is present in the new materials. Califia schmitti is most similar to C. calida Hartman, 1957 from the eastern Pacific, recently redescribed by Blake (2020). The two species are similar in most respects and differ only in minor details.

Blake (2020) reported C. calida with up to 14 thoracic setigers and branchiae from setigers 8–9; whereas in the present study, the largest specimens of C. schmitti from the U.S. Atlantic slope have 13 thoracic setigers and branchiae consistently from setiger 9. The neuropodial postsetal lamellae of setigers 1–3 in C. calida are large, spherical lobes, whereas those of C. schmitti are short and papillate. The notopodial furcate setae of C. calida have smooth shafts versus shafts with transverse rows of narrow barbs in C. schmitti . The nuchal organs of C. calida are conspicuous ciliated mounds versus narrow inconspicuous slits in C. schmitti . The most noticeable difference, however, is the nature of the mouth and surrounding peristomial lips. In C. calida , the mouth is as wide as long and surrounded by 4–5 lobes on the anterior margin and thickened lobes laterally and posteriorly. In C. schmitti , the mouth is elongate and narrow, with a single narrow anterior lobe and 5–6 lateral lobes. In both species the oral morphology extends about half-way on to setiger 1.

The specimens examined from the Gulf of Mexico off Louisiana agreed well with the Atlantic slope specimens. Thoracic setigers numbered 11–12 with branchiae consistently from setiger 9. Four specimens from off Florida and Texas reported as C. calida by Taylor (1984) agree with C. schmitti in having 13 thoracic setigers and branchiae from setiger 9, but were reported from much shallower depths.

Biology. Out of 97 specimens from the U.S. Atlantic slope, 33 were collected from the Hatteras Canyon off North Carolina at a depth of 2000 m in sediments having high silt and clay inventories ( Blake & Grassle 1994). The remaining 64 specimens were scattered over many stations and depths from New England to the Carolinas .

Distribution. Widespread along U.S. Atlantic continental slope; off New England to South Carolina, 544–2180 m; Gulf of Mexico, off Louisiana, 313– 364 m.

Kingdom

Animalia

Phylum

Annelida

Class

Polychaeta

Family

Orbiniidae

Genus

Califia

Loc

Califia schmitti (Pettibone, 1957)

Blake, James A. 2021
2021
Loc

Califia schmitti: Hartman 1959: 364

Hartman, O. & Fauchald, K. 1971: 91
Hartman, O. 1965: 127
Hartman, O. 1959: 364
1959
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