Puto superbus (Leonardi)

MOGHADDAM, MASUMEH & WATSON, GILLIAN W., 2022, The Scale Insects Of Iran (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) Part 2 The Mealybugs (Pseudococcidae And Rhizoecidae) And Putoidae, Zootaxa 5126 (1), pp. 1-169 : 142-155

Puto superbus (Leonardi)

( Fig. 65 , distribution map Fig. 71 D )

Macrocerococcus superbus Leonardi, 1907: 152 . Ceroputo volynicus Nasonov, 1909: 472 . Phenacoccus seurati Vayssière, 1927: 109 . Macrocerococcus tauricus Borchsenius, 1948a: 33 . Macrocerococcus kiritshenkoi Borchsenius, 1949: 298 .

Field characteristics: Found on stems and leaves of herbaceous plants including grasses. Body of live adult female elongate oval, robust, convex in lateral view, with a dense covering of white mealy wax and a conspicuous marginal band of plate-like wax projections surrounding entire body; posterior projections in pairs, longer than the others; without an ovisac. Legs dark brown.

Microscopic diagnosis: Slide-mounted adult female broadly oval. Anal lobes moderately developed. Antennae each with 9 segments; antennal intersegmental sensilla present between segments III–IV, IV–V and VI–VII. Eyes protruberant, dome-shaped. Legs robust; each surface of trochanter with 3 or 4 campaniform sensilla; hind leg without translucent pores; claw with a large plantar denticle and a pair of basal spurs; claw digitules with pointed apices; tarsal digitules pointed at tip and shorter than claw. Cerarii numbering 18 basic pairs, but a few supplementary cerarii usually present.Anal lobe cerarii each with about 16 lanceolate setae and a compact group of trilocular pores, all situated on a sclerotized area occupying most of lobe. Anterior cerarii similar to anal lobe cerarii but smaller; most of dorsum with 6 longitudinal rows of dorsal cerarii. Circulus large, broadly oval. Ostioles well developed. Anal ring with 6 setae, and with 3−4 rows pores on venter.

Dorsum with lanceolate setae like cerarian setae, either same size or smaller. Oral collar tubular ducts absent. Trilocular pores numerous, usually some associated with setal collars.

Venter with slender flagellate setae. Multilocular disc pores each with 10 loculi, present medially on head, thorax, abdominal segments, and around spiracles. Quinquelocular pores absent. Oral collar tubular ducts long and narrow, grouped on head between mouthparts and antennae; a few also on margins of abdominal segments V–VII.

Distribution: Puto superbus has been recorded from 24 countries in the Palaearctic Region including Iran ( García Morales et al. 2016), where it has been collected in Ardebil, Esfahan and Zanjan provinces ( Moghaddam 2013b).

Host-plants: The species has been recorded on mostly herbaceous host-plants in 51 genera belonging to 26 families ( García Morales et al. 2016). In Iran, it has been recorded only on Astragalus sp. (Fabaceae) ( Moghaddam 2013b).

Economic importance: None.

Natural enemies: None recorded in Iran.

Comments: The accompanying illustration is reproduced from Moghaddam (2013a), page 95, Fig. 53 , with kind permission from the Chief Editor of Zootaxa.

DISTRIBUTION MAPS

SYSTEMATIC LIST OF HOST PLANTS OF IRANIAN MEALYBUGS AND PUTOIDS

The plant taxa follow http://www.tropicos.org

ACANTHACEAE ARACEAE

Avicennia marina Dieffenbachia sp.

Nipaecoccus viridis Pseudococcus viburni

Paracoccus burnerae ARECACEAE

AMARANTHACEAE Phoenix dactylifera

Amaranthus blitoides Maconellicoccus hirsutus

Phenacoccus aceris Phoenix sp.

Phenacoccus betae Pseudococcus viburni

Amaranthus blitum ASPHODELACEAE

Pseudococcus viburni Aloe vera

Amaranthus retroflexus Phenacoccus solani

Phenacoccus solenopsis ASTERACEAE

Beta vulgaris Achillea ambigua

Phenacoccus betae Peliococcus marrubii

Phenacoccus aceris Artemisia sp.

Celosia cristata Artemicoccus bispinus

Phenacoccus solani Peliococcus chersonensis

Chenopodium album Pelionella grassiana

Phenacoccus solenopsis Centaurea sp.

Haloxylon sp. Dysmicoccus angustifrons

Phenacoccus aceris Centaurea virgata

Phenacoccus arthrophyti Phenacoccus pumilus

Noaea mucronata Chrysanthemum morifolium

Coccura circumscripta Phenacoccus solani

Noaea sp. Cirsium vulgare

Erimococcus kimmericus Dysmicoccus angustifrons

Mirococcus inermis Echinops ritro

Salsola dendroides Ceroputo pilosellae

Erimococcus kimmericus Dysmicoccus angustifrons

Phenacoccus aceris AMARYLLIDACEAE Helianthus annuus

Amaryllis sp. Maconellicoccus hirsutus

Vryburgia amaryllidis Phenacoccus solenopsis ANACARDIACEAE Lactuca sp.

Mangifera indica Dysmicoccus angustifrons

Exallomochlus balouchestanensis Dysmicoccus boninsis

Maconellicoccus hirsutus Dysmicoccus zagrosicus

APIACEAE Matricaria chamomilla

Echinophora sp. Dysmicoccus angustifrons

Dysmicoccus angustifrons Serratula sp.

APOCYNACEAE Dysmicoccus angustifrons

Adenium obesum Tragopogon graminifolius

Planococcus citri Dysmicoccus angustifrons

Calotropis procera Xanthium strumarium

Phenacoccus solenopsis Phenacoccus solenopsis

Nerium oleander Zinnia violacea

Nipaecoccus viridis Phenacoccus solenopsis

Phenacoccus solenopsis BERBERIDACEAE

Planococcus citri Berberis vulgaris

Phenacoccus aceris CRASSULACEAE

BIGNONIACEAE Crassula sp.

Catalpa speciosa Planococcus citri

Pseudococcus viburni Vryburgia succulentarum BRASSICACEAE Echeveria sp.

Descurainia sophia Rhizoecus albidus

Peliococcus turanicus CUCURBITACEAE

Phenacoccus pumilus Citrullus colocynthis

Spilococcus williamsi Phenacoccus solenopsis

Lepidium latifolium C itrullus lanatus

Phenacoccus pumilus Phenacoccus solenopsis

Raphanus sativus C itrullus vulgaris

Peliococcus turanicus Planococcus ficus

BUXACEAE Lagenaria siceraria

Buxus hyrcana Phenacoccus solenopsis

Pseudococcus longispinus Luffa sp.

Pseudococcus viburni Phenacoccus solenopsis

CACTACEAE Momordica charantia

Gymnocalycium baldianum Phenacoccus solenopsis

Rhizoecus albidus CUPRESSACEAE

Opuntia ficus-indica Chamaecyparis lawsoniana

Spilococcus mirzayansi Planococcus citri

Unidentified succulent Cupressus sp.

Planococcus ficus Planococcus citri

CANNABACEAE Planococcus vovae

Celtis australis Pseudococcus viburni

Phenacoccus aceris Platycladus orientalis

CAPRIFOLIACEAE Pseudococcus viburni

Lonicera sp. DENNSTAEDTIACEAE

Phenacoccus aceris Pteridium aquilinum

Phenacoccus transcaucasicus Planococcus citri CARYOPHYLLACEAE EBENACEAE

Dianthus barbatus Diospyros kaki

Planococcus citri Planococcus citri

CELASTRACEAE EUPHORBIACEAE

Euonymus sp. Acalypha sp.

Pseudococcus longispinus Pseudococcus viburni COMBRETACEAE Codiaeum variegatum

Terminalia catappa Planococcus citri

Maconellicoccus hirsutus Pseudococcus viburni CONVOLVULACEAE Euphorbia sp.

Convolvulus arvensis Coccidohystrix burumandi

Phenacoccus solenopsis Euphorbia pulcherrima

Convolvulus maritimus Planococcus citri

Pseudococcus viburni Ricinus communis

Ipomoea sp. Maconellicoccus hirsutus

Maconellicoccus hirsutus Phenacoccus solenopsis

Ipomoea tricolor FABACEAE

Phenacoccus solenopsis Acacia arabica

CORDIACEAE Maconellicoccus hirsutus

Cordia myxa Acacia nilotica

Ferrisia virgata Phenacoccus solenopsis

Albizia julibrissin Gossypium sp.

Ferrisia virgata Phenacoccus solenopsis

Albizia sp. Hibiscus rosa-sinensis

Maconellicoccus hirsutus Maconellicoccus hirsutus

Pseudococcus viburni Phenacoccus solenopsis

Alhagi camelorum Hibiscus sp.

Phenacoccus pumilus Dysmicoccus angustifrons

Astragalus sp. Hibiscus syriacus

Dysmicoccus angustifrons Maconellicoccus hirsutus

Peliococcus turanicus MARANTACEAE

Puto superbus Calathea warszewiczii

Cercis siliquastrum Maconellicoccus hirsutus

Pseudococcus viburni MELIACEAE

Glycine max Azadirachta indica

Pseudococcus comstocki Phenacoccus solenopsis

Robinia pseudoacacia MORACEAE

Pseudococcus comstocki Ficus benghalensis

Medicago sativa Ferrisia virgata

Dysmicoccus brevipes Ficus benjamina

Prosopis cineraria Planococcus citri

Nipaecoccus viridis Ficus carica

Prosopis farcta Ferrisia virgata

Erimococcus kimmericus Paracoccus ficus

Erimococcus talhouki Phenacoccus solenopsis

Prosopis spicigera Planococcus citri

Formicococcus robustus Planococcus ficus

Maconellicoccus hirsutus Pseudococcus viburni

Nipaecoccus viridis Ficus religiosa

FAGACEAE Ferrisia virgata

Quercus sp. Maconellicoccus hirsutus

Phenacoccus aceris Phenacoccus solenopsis GERANIACEAE Ficus retusa

Erodium sp. Planococcus kraunhiae

Phenacoccus pumilus Morus alba

GINKGOACEAE Erimococcus talhouki

Ginko sp. Maconellicoccus hirsutus

Pseudococcus viburni Nipaecoccus viridis

LYTHRACEAE Phenacoccus aceris

Lawsonia inermis Phenacoccus solenopsis

Maconellicoccus hirsutus Planococcus citri

Punica granatum Pseudococcus comstocki

Nipaecoccus viridis Pseudococcus viburni

Planococcus ficus MYRTACEAE

Pseudococcus viburni Myrtus communis

Spilococcus alhagii Ferrisia virgata

MALVACEAE Psidium guajava

Abelmoschus esculentus Ferrisia virgata

Phenacoccus solenopsis Maconellicoccus hirsutus

Abutilon fruticosum Syzygium aromaticum

Maconellicoccus hirsutus Maconellicoccus hirsutus

Abutilon hirtum OLEACEAE

Phenacoccus solenopsis Forsythia intermedia

Planococcus citri Brevennia (Brevennia) rehi

Fraxinus excelsior POLYGONACEAE

Planococcus citri Atraphaxis sp.

PAPAVERACEAE Mirococcus inermis

Papaver rhoeas RHAMNACEAE

Dysmicoccus angustifrons Ziziphus spina-christi

PEDALIACEAE Maconellicoccus hirsutus

Sesamum orientale Nipaecoccus viridis

Phenacoccus solenopsis Spilococcus alhagii

PINACEAE Ziziphus mauritiana

Pinus sp. Phenacoccus solenopsis

Pseudococcus viburni ROSACEAE

PLATANACEAE Crataegus azarolus

Platanus orientalis Phenacoccus aceris

Planococcus citri Prunus cerasus

PLANTAGINACEAE Pseudococcus viburni

Antirrhinum majus Rosa sp.

Phenacoccus solenopsis Phenacoccus aceris

POACEAE Planococcus citri

Artemicoccus poacearum Pseudococcus viburni

Dysmicoccus boninsis RUTACEAE

Dysmicoccus caspianensis Citrus bigaradia

Dysmicoccus walkeri Planococcus citri

Phenacoccus hordei Citrus sinensis

Phenacoccus poae Maconellicoccus hirsutus

Aeluropus sp. Nipaecoccus viridis

Rhodania aeluropi Planococcus citri

Bambusa sp. Citrus sp.

Antonina crawi Phenacoccus solenopsis

Bromus sp. SALICACEAE

Phenacoccus bromi Salix sp.

Cynodon dactylon Maconellicoccus hirsutus

Peliococcopsis priesneri SAPINDACEAE

Phenacoccus daganieae Acer cinerascens

Phenacoccus solenopsis Phenacoccus insularis

Echinochloa crus-galli Acer sp.

Brevennia (Brevennia) rehi Phenacoccus aceris

Festuca arundinacea Dodonaea viscosa

Phenacoccus solani Phenacoccus solenopsis

Rhizoecus albidus SOLANACEAE

Oryza sativa Capsicum frutescens

Brevennia (Brevennia) rehi Phenacoccus solenopsis

Planococcus citri Cestrum nocturnum

Poa sp. Phenacoccus solenopsis

Antonina graminis Nicotiana tabacum

Saccharum officinarum Phenacoccus solenopsis

Antonina graminis Petunia integrifolia

Kiritshenkella sacchari Phenacoccus solenopsis

Saccharicoccus sacchari Solanum lycopersicum

Sorghum halepense Phenacoccus solenopsis

Antonina graminis Solanum melongena

Sorghum sp. Phenacoccus solenopsis

Solanum nigrum Pseudococcus viburni

Phenacoccus solenopsis THYMELAEACEAE

Solanum tuberosum Daphne sp.

Phenacoccus solenopsis Erimococcus kimmericus

Planococcus citri ULMACEAE

Pseudococcus viburni Ulmus sp.

Withania somnifera Nipaecoccus viridis

Phenacoccus solenopsis VERBENACEAE

STRELITZIACEAE Lantana camara

Strelitzia reginae Phenacoccus solenopsis

Planococcus citri VITACEAE

TAMARICACEAE Vitis vinifera

Tamarix sp. Chorizococcus viticola

Eurycoccus tamariscus Nipaecoccus viridis

Maconellicoccus hirsutus Vitis persica

Nipaecoccus viridis Planococcus ficus

Trabutina crassispinosa Vitis sp.

Trabutina mannipara Pseudococcus viburni

Trabutina serpentina ZYGOPHYLLACEAE

THEACEAE Zygophyllum atriplicoides

Camellia sinensis Erimococcus kimmericus

INDEX TO TAXA OF MEALYBUGS AND PUTOIDS IN IRAN

Valid names are given in plain text; synonyms are given in italics. Italicised numbers represent pages bearing illustrations. Tribes, subtribes and genera are given in capitals.

Figures

FIGURE 53. Adult female of Pseudococcus viburni (Signoret).

FIGURE 65. Adult female of Puto superbus (Leonardi). © Magnolia Press, www.mapress.com/j/zt, reproduced with the copyright holder’s permission.

FIGURE 71. Maps of species distributions in Iran. A. Vryburgia amaryllidis (Bouché); B. Vryburgia succulentarum Williams; C. Rhizoecus albidus Goux; D. Puto superbus (Leonardi).