Tuxedo nicholi (Knight)

SCHUH, RANDALL T., 2004, Revision of Tuxedo Schuh (Hemiptera: Miridae: Phylinae), American Museum Novitates 3435 (1), pp. 1-26 : 20-23

Tuxedo nicholi (Knight)

Figures 1 , 2

Microphylellus nicholi Knight, 1929: 42 (n.sp.). Tuxedo nicholi: Schuh, 2001: 252 (n.comb.).

HOLOTYPE: Male: [ USA]: ‘‘ S. Catalina Mts., Alt. 3200, Ariz., Apr. 25, 1926, A. A. Nichol. ’’ Deposited in the National Museum of Natural History , Washington, D.C.

DIAGNOSIS: Recognized by the ‘‘faded’’ background coloration, the dorsum variably medium to pale brown (fig. 1) and unlike castaneous background coloration in all other known species. Apical vesical spines most similar in form to those of elongatus (fig. 2), but left spine in that species not bifid apically and lacking serrations on shaft.

DESCRIPTION: Male: Medium size; total length 2.84–3.07, length apex clypeus–cuneal fracture 1.86–2.10, width pronotum 0.84–0.93. COLORATION (fig. 1): Background coloration variably brownish to yellowish, not so strongly contrasting with pale areas as in other Tuxedo spp. ; basal one­third to one­half of cuneus creamy white; clavus always with a pale area just posterior to apex of scutellum extending onto adjacent corium and forming a continuous, pale, transverse fascia reaching to and including costal vein; antennal segments 1 and 2 pale, segments 3 and 4 infuscate; labial segments 2 and 3 pale; legs, including coxae, pale, except hind femora weakly to moderately infuscate on distal one­half. SURFACE AND VESTITURE (fig. 1): Pronotum moderately shining, remainder of dorsum weakly shining. STRUC­ TURE: Body rounded and convex in dorsal view. GENITALIA (fig. 2): Vesica with two apical spines, both curving and pointing in opposite directions, extending well beyond secondary gonopore and surrounding envelope of vesica; left spine bifid apically and with serrate shaft; form of spines most similar to those of nicholi , but both spines in that species without ornament.

Female: Medium size; total length 2.64, length apex clypeus–cuneal fracture 1.82– 2.00, width pronotum 0.90–0.97. COLOR­ ATION (fig. 1): Background coloration of dorsum partially to almost entirely yellowish; cuneus always creamy­white on basal onethird to one­half, castaneous distally; transverse fascia at apex of scutellum always broad and complete, extending to and including costal vein; antennal segments 1 and 2 pale, yellowish, segments 3 and 4 infuscate; coloration of legs as in male, except hind femur very weakly infuscate distally. SURFACE AND VESTITURE: As in male. STRUCTURE: As in generic description.

HOSTS: Quercus spp. (Fagaceae) .

DISTRIBUTION: Southern California east to Arizona and southern Utah.

DISCUSSION: Tuxedo nicholi is unique among its congeners in being largely brownish and/or yellowish. It nonetheless has all of the other diagnostic features of the group.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: USA: Arizona: Cochise Co. : vicinity of Portal, 1500–1700 m, May 2, 1978 – May 7, 1978, R. T. Schuh, Quercus oblongifolia (Fagaceae) , 133, 8♀ (AMNH). Maricopa Co. : 4 Peaks Road, mile 6, April 25, 1983, J. T. Polhemus, Quercus sp. (Fagaceae) , 1♀ (JTP). Salt River Canyon at Apache Lake, 2000 ft, April 26, 1981, D. A. and J. T. Polhemus, 83 (JTP). Pima Co. : 2 mi N of Molino Canyon Campground, Santa Catalina Mts. , April 10, 1989, T. J. Henry and A. G. Wheeler, Jr., Quercus cf. oblongifolia (Fagaceae) , 23, 2♀ (USNM). Sabino Canyon, Baboquivari Mountains, April 20, 1982, D. A. and J. T. Polhemus, Quercus arizonica (Fagaceae) , 63, 1♀ (JTP). Santa Catalina Mountains, 2700 ft, May 5, 1926, A. A. Nichol, 23, 7♀ (USNM, CNC). Santa Catalina Mountains, Geology Vista Point, 2042 m, May 15, 2000, May 23, 2000, M. D. Schwartz, Quercus hypoleucoides (Fagaceae) , 103, 45♀ (AMNH, CNC). Santa Catalina Mountains, Molino Basin Campground , April 8, 1989, T. J. Henry and A. G. Wheeler, Jr., Quercus oblongifolia (Fagaceae) , 73, 7♀ (USNM). Tucson, May 12, 1929, E. D. Ball, 2♀ (USNM). Tucson, May 3, 1924, A. A. Nichol, 13, 1♀ (USNM). California: Riverside Co.: Deep Canyon, 8 mi N Jct Deep Cr. and Horsethief Cr., T7S R6E Sec. 6, 2960 ft, May 17, 1975, J. D. Pinto, 33 (UCR). Deep Canyon, Cactus Spring Trail between Hwy 74 and Horsethief Creek, May 31, 1975, J. D. Pinto, 43, 6♀ (UCR). Deep Canyon, Trail from Hwy 74, T7S R5E Sec. 1, 2960–3680 ft, May 1, 1976, J. D. Pinto, 163, 13♀ (UCR). Snow Creek, White Water, 1500 ft, April 6, 1955, W. R. Richards, 33, 2♀ (CNC). Utah: Washington Co.: Zion National Park, 7 mi NE St Rt 15 on Kolob Reserve Rd, 4000–5000 ft, May 25, 1981, M. D. Schwartz, Quercus gambelli (Fagaceae) , 63, 8♀ (AMNH).

Tuxedo susansolomonae , new species

Figures 1 , 2 , 5

HOLOTYPE: Male: ‘‘ USA: California: San Diego Co.: Cibbets Flat Cmpgrd on Kimball Crk Rd, 1280 m, April 29, 1985, R. T. Schuh; Quercus agrifolia var. oxydenia (Torr.) Howell , det. K. Nixon 1985 ( Fagaceae ).’’ Deposited in the American Museum of Natural History.

DIAGNOSIS: Recognized by the possession of a dark antennal segment 2 and a more­orless complete cream­colored fascia on the hemelytra near the apex of the scutellum (fig. 1). Most similar in size and coloration of the antennae to flavicollis , but that species with at most a faint pale marking on the clavus instead of an extensive transverse fascia and with all femora infuscate distally rather than with fore­ and middle femora pale as in susansolomonae . Vesica in susansolomonae distinctive for possessing two superposed, unornamented apical spines of unequal length (fig. 2).

DESCRIPTION: Male: Medium size; total length 2.86–3.26, length apex clypeus–cuneal fracture 1.94–2.25, width pronotum 0.84– 1.01. COLORATION (fig. 1): Background coloration castaneous; basal one­third to onehalf of cuneus creamy white; clavus always with a rounded pale area just posterior to apex of scutellum, sometimes broader and nearly parallel­sided and extending onto adjacent corium and forming a more­or­less continuous, pale, transverse fascia reaching to the R­M vein; antennal segments 1–4 usually entirely black, rarely not so dark; labial segments 2 and 3 pale; all coxae, fore­ and middle femora, and all tibiae pale; hind femora ranging from castaneous on distal half to entirely castaneous. SURFACE AND VESTITURE (figs. 1, 5F): Pronotum moderately shining, remain­ der of dorsum weakly shining; ventral posterior surface of genital capsule with field of peglike spinules (fig. 5H). STRUCTURE: Body moderately elevated and convex in dorsal view; head as in figure 5A, C; meso­ metathoracic pleuron as figure 5D; distal portion of dorsal surface of hind femur as figure 5G; claws as figure 5E. GENITALIA (fig. 2): Vesica with two apical spines extending well beyond secondary gonopore and envelope of vesica, anterior spine much longer than posterior and superposed over it, both spines slender, attenuated, and weakly bent near apex, without ornament.

Female: Medium size; total length 2.69– 3.18, length apex clypeus–cuneal fracture 1.80–2.17, width pronotum 0.91–1.04. COL­ ORATION (fig. 1): Background coloration of dorsum frequently castaneous, as in male, pronotum sometimes with a broad, pale brown or yellowish band across posterior lobe, in which case hemelytra ranging from faded castaneous to pale brown and scutellum sometimes reddish orange; cunei always creamy white on basal one­third to one­half; transverse fascia at apex of scutellum always broad and complete, extending to and including costal vein; all antennal segments pale, dull orange to yellowish; coloration of legs as in male. SURFACE AND VESTI­ TURE: As in male. STRUCTURE (fig. 5B): As in generic description.

ETYMOLOGY: Named for Susan Solomon, wife of trustee Peter Solomon, of the American Museum of Natural History, in recognition of their generosity in funding the study of terrestrial arthropods at the Museum.

HOSTS: Quercus spp. (Fagaceae) . Also known from Lithocarpus sp. (Fagaceae) . The single record from Prunus sp. (Rosaceae) is almost certainly not a breeding host.

DISTRIBUTION: Southeastern Washington south to northern Baja California Norte, Mexico, east to central Arizona.

DISCUSSION: This is one of the most common species in the collections I have examined. Nonetheless, it seems to have remained undescribed, possibly because of its narrow host range on Quercus spp. and its appearance relatively early in the year.

PARATYPES: MEXICO: Baja California Norte: Tecate, 6.3 mi S of El Condor, 4000 ft, May 15, 1982, M. D. Schwartz, Quercus chrysolepis (Fagaceae) , 13 (AMNH). USA: Arizona: Gila Co. : 2 mi W of Miami, 3800 ft, May 4, 1979, J. D. Pinto and E. M. Fisher, Quercus sp. (Fagaceae) , 63, 8♀ (UCR). 8 mi SW jct Rts 87 and 188 (off Rt 87), Tonto Natl. Forest, 4000 ft, May 27, 1983, R. T. Schuh and G. M. Stonedahl, Quercus turbinella (Fagaceae) , 1♀ (AMNH). Maricopa Co. : 4 Peaks Road, mile 6, April 25, 1983, J. T. Polhemus, Quercus sp. (Fagaceae) , 73, 4♀ (JTP). Mohave Co.: SE of Kingman, T20N R15W, 4000–4400 ft, June 9, 1983, R. T. Schuh, M. D. Schwartz, and G. M. Stonedahl, Quercus oblongifolia (Fagaceae) , 363, 42♀ (AMNH). Navajo Co.: 20 mi SW of Show Low, 5200–6000 ft, May 10, 1983, R. T. Schuh, G. M. Stonedahl, B. M. Massie, Quercus arizonica (Fagaceae) , 183, 72♀ (AMNH). Pima Co. : Santa Catalina Mountains , near Bear Canyon Rd NE of Tuscson, 5500 ft, June 1, 1997, T. J. Henry and A. G. Wheeler, Jr., Quercus sp. (Fagaceae) , 17♀ (USNM). Santa Catalina Mountains, Catalina Hwy near Willow Canyon Circle, 6500 ft, June 1, 1997, T. J. Henry and A. G. Wheeler, Jr., Quercus sp. (Fagaceae) , 43, 6♀ (USNM). Santa Catalina Mountains, Mt. Lemon Rd , milepost 19, 7600 ft, June 12, 1983, R. T. Schuh and M. D. Schwartz, Quercus reticulata (Fagaceae) , 183, 4♀ (AMNH). Santa Catalina Mountains, Windy Point Vista , 6300 ft, June 12, 1983, R. T. Schuh and M. D. Schwartz, Quercus hypoleucoides (Fagaceae) , 15♀ (AMNH). Santa Catalina Mts., Catalina Hwy , 7 mi N of Molino Canyon Lookout, 5500 ft, June 1, 1997, T. J. Henry and A. G. Wheeler, Jr., Quercus sp. (Fagaceae) , 73, 14♀ (USNM). Tucson, motel window, May 31, 1997, T. J. Henry and A. G. Wheeler, Jr., 13, 4♀ (USNM). Yavapai Co.: 15.8 mi S of Ash Fork on Rt 89, June 4, 1983, G. M. Stonedahl, Quercus turbinella (Fagaceae) , 33, 50♀ (AMNH). California: Butte Co.: Oroville, April 29, 1927, H. H. Keifer, 1♀ (CAS). El Dorado Co.: 3.0–6.0 mi S of Camp Richardson on Angora Ridge and Fallen Leaf Roads, July 7, 1994, M. D. Schwartz, Quercus chrysolepis (Fagaceae) , 33, 7♀ (CNC). Coloma, May 14, 1955, D. L. Dahlsten, 1♀ (UCD). Glenn Co.: 10 mi W of Elk Creek, June 7, 1984, J. D. Pinto, 1♀ (UCR). Humboldt Co.: 2 mi S of Honeydew, June 4, 1984, J. D. Pinto, Lithocarpus sp. (Fagaceae) , 23, 4♀ (UCR). Harris, June 29, 1907, Bradley, 13 (USNM). Inyo Co. : 9 mi W of Rt 395 at Tulare Co. line near Chimney Peak Ranger Station, 2000 m, July 1, 1980, R. T. Schuh, Quercus sp. (Fagaceae) , 323, 46♀ (AMNH). Kern Co.: 5 mi N of Kernville, May 15, 1963, J. Powell, Quercus wizlenzii (Fagaceae) , 43, 11♀ (UCB). Lebec, 4000 ft, May 15, 1928, J. O. Martin, 13 (CAS). Lebec, Tejon Pass, 4000 ft, May 16, 1928, 13 (UCB). Kings Co.: 8 mi SSW of Avenal, T23S R16E, April 10, 1980, Andrews and Kuba, 1♀ (CAFA, UCB). Lake Co.: Middletown, April 9, 1970, H. W. Wiard, 1♀ (AMNH). Los Angeles Co.: 0.9 mi W of Wrightwood on Rt 2, 2031 m, June 30, 1980, R. T. Schuh, Quercus sp. (Fagaceae) , 333, 44♀ (AMNH). 5 mi E of Saugus, Mint Canyon, April 20, 1932, E. P. Van Duzee, 1♀ (CAS). Glendora, May 3, 1937, C. E. Norland, 103, 3♀ (LACM). Oaks, Mint Canyon, April 20, 1932, E. P. Van Duzee, 2♀ (CAS). Pasadena, June 5, 1909, Grinnell, 33 (CAS). Madera Co. : 1.8 mi SE Rt 41 at Rt 274 and Pettit Rd, 3400 ft, May 22, 2001, T. J. Henry, Quercus sp. (Fagaceae) , 133, 6♀ (USNM). Maricopa Co. : Salt River Canyon at Apache Lake, 2000 ft, April 28, 1981, D. A. and J. T. Polhemus, 33, (JTP). Mariposa Co. : Yosemite Valley, June 15, 1938, N. A. Olson, 1♀ (UCB). Mendocino Co.: 1 mi N of Pierce, May 20, 1976, R. Wharton, 1♀ (UCB). Hopland Field Station, Kelsey Cab. Orchard area, 2500–2800 ft, May 14, 1977, J. Yoakley and C. Nawalinski, Quercus lobata (Fagaceae) , 23 (UCB). Monterey Co.: Paraiso Springs, April 18, 1932, L. S. Slavin, 1♀ (CAS). Orange Co.: Cleveland Natl. Forest, 1.5 mi E of San Juan Campground, 500 m, May 12, 1978, J. D. Pinto and R. T. Schuh, 2♀ (AMNH). Cleveland Natl. Forest, El Cariso Campground, 750 m, May 12, 1978, J. D. Pinto and R. T. Schuh, Quercus sp. (Fagaceae) , 23, 19♀ (AMNH). Placer Co.: Tahoe, G Alpine Creek, July 5, 1915, E. P. Van Duzee, 23, 1♀ (UCB). Riverside Co.: 2 mi N of Poppet Flat on Rt 243, May 22, 1976, J. D. Pinto, Quercus dumosa (Fagaceae) , 23, 8♀ (UCR). 3 mi W of Murrietta, Tenaja Road, 345 m, May 12, 1978, J. D. Pinto and R. T. Schuh, Quercus agrifolia (Fagaceae) , 4♀ (AMNH). 4 mi W of Murrietta, 1800 ft, April 29, 1966, E. I. Schlinger, 1♀ (UCR). 6 mi W of Murietta, Santa Rosa Plateau Area, 625 m, May 1, 1985, R. T. Schuh and J. D. Pinto, Quercus dumosa (Fagaceae) , 8♀ (AMNH). Cleveland Natl. Forest, el Cariso Campground on Hwy 74, 2500 ft, May 12, 1978, J. D. Pinto, Quercus sp. (Fagaceae) , 93, (UCR). Menifee Valley (hills on W end), April 19, 1979, J. D. Pinto, 13, 4♀ (UCR). San Jacinto Mountains, June 30, 1933, R. H. Beamer, 13 (KU). San Jacinto Mountains, jct of Two Pines Rd and Rt 243, 1200 m, May 20, 2000, M. D. Schwartz Quercus sp. (Fagaceae) , 3♀ (CNC). San Jacinto Mountains, Pinon Flat, May 21, 1941, R. L. Usinger, Quercus chrysolepis (Fagaceae) , 5♀ (UCB). San Jacinto Mountains, San Jacinto River, 3000 ft, May 30, 1940, R. L. Usinger, Quercus sp. (Fagaceae) , 10♀ (UCB). Tin Mine Canyon, April 6, 1968, P. A. Rauch, 13 (UCR). Sacramento Co.: Arcade Creek, April 2, 1934, H. H. Keifer, Quercus sp. (Fagaceae) , 1♀ (CAFA). San Benito Co.: 2 mi NE of New Idria, April 24, 1964, J. Doyen, 33 (UCB). San Bernardino Co.: 1.5 mi N of Cajon Pass Summit on I­ 15, 1310 m, May 2, 1985, R. T. Schuh and B. M. Massie, 13, 9♀ (AMNH). 2 mi E of Camp Angelus, June 18, 1978, J. D. Pinto, 1♀ (UCR). 8 mi SE of Ivanpah, Lanfair Valley, May 25, 1977, Saul Frommer, 1♀ (UCR). 9 mi S of Hesperia, Mojave River Forks Recreation Area, 720 m, May 2, 1985, R. T. Schuh, Quercus wizlenzii (Fagaceae) , 43, 63♀ (AMNH). San Diego Co.: 3.5 mi S of Henshaw Dam on S 7, 1220 m, April 30, 1985, R. T. Schuh and B. M. Massie, Quercus engelmanni (Fagaceae) , 23, 7♀ (AMNH). Boulder Oaks Campground on Old Hwy 80, 970 m, May 21, 2000, M. D. Schwartz, Quercus sp. (Fagaceae) , 2♀ (CNC). Cibbets Flat Campground on Kimball Creek Road, 1280 m, April 29, 1985, R. T. Schuh, Quercus agrifolia (Fagaceae) , 403, 13♀ (AMNH), holotype male (AMNH). Just above Henshaw Dam on S 7, 900 m, April 30, 1985, R. T. Schuh and B. M. Massie, Quercus dumosa (Fagaceae) , 93, 19♀ (AMNH). Just S of Santa Ysabel, 1060 m, April 30, 1985, R. T. Schuh and B. M. Massie, Quercus agrifolia (Fagaceae) , 13, 13♀ (AMNH). Kimball Creek Road at Kimball Creek, 1190 m, April 29, 1985, R. T. Schuh and B. M. Massie, Quercus agrifolia (Fagaceae) , 23, 2♀ (AMNH). Mt. Palomar, June 28, 1963, J. Powell, Prunus emarginata (Rosaceae) , 1♀ (UCB). Oak Grove Campground, Cleveland Natl. Forest, April 22, 1980, M. D. Schwartz, Quercus sp. (Fagaceae) , 103, 2♀ (AMNH). Oak Grove, Cleveland Natl. Forest, April 22, 1980, Russell and Schwartz, Quercus sp. (Fagaceae) , 283, 17♀ (OSU). Pala, April 13, 1965, J. Powell, 13 (UCB). Palomar Mt., 3 mi up East Grade Road, May 17, 1979, Brown and Faulkner, 1♀ (SDNH). S1 at Old Rt. 80 N of Morena Lake, 1000 m, April 29, 1985, R. T. Schuh and B. M. Massie, Quercus agrifolia (Fagaceae) , 173, 25♀ (AMNH). Santa Rosa Mts. , 6200 ft, May 31, 1940, R. L. Usinger, 63, 2♀ (UCB). San Luis Obispo Co.: 10.5 mi SE of Santa Margarita , May 16, 1980, J. D. Pinto, 13, 1♀ (UCR). 3 mi W of Paso Robles, April 28, 1968, D. Veirs, 23 (UCB). Avenales Guard Station Jct, Huasna Valley E of Arroyo Grande, 840 m, May 9, 1985, R. T. Schuh and B. M. Massie, Quercus douglasii (Fagaceae) , 13, (AMNH). Santa Barbara Co. : Upper Oso Campground off Rt 154, 310 m, May 7, 1985, R. T. Schuh and B. M. Massie, Quercus dumosa (Fagaceae) , 13, 10♀ (AMNH). Tulare Co.: 5.7 mi N of Kernville, Hospital Flat Campground, April 28, 1978, J. D. Pinto, Quercus sp. (Fagaceae) , 13, 1♀ (UCR). 9 mi S of Fairview, April 30, 1964, R. L. Langston, Quercus wizlenzii (Fagaceae) , 103, 8♀ (UCB). Woodlake, April 24, 1932, E. P. Van Duzee, 1♀ (CAS). Ventura Co.: Westlake Village, May 16, 1969, E. L. Paddock, Quercus sp. (Fagaceae) , 5♀ (CAFA). Wheeler Hot Springs, Ojai, 1500 ft, May 20, 1954, Bryant, 3♀ (CAS). Yolo Co.: Rumsey, April 21, 1973, L. T. Wilson, 4♀ (UCD). Oregon: Hood River Co.: Hood Riv­ er, May 21, 1893, 1♀ (USNM). Jackson Co.: Table Rock, May 18, 1960, Joe Schuh, 1♀ (OSU). Josephine Co.: just S of Rough and Ready Wayside S of Cave Junction, June 12, 1979, R. T. Schuh, Quercus vaccinifolia (Fagaceae) , 6♀ (AMNH). Klamath Co.: Klamath Falls, Geary Ranch, June 22, 1956, Joe Schuh, 1♀ (OSU). Wasco Co.: Tyghe Valley, May 24, 1959, Joe Schuh, 1♀ (OSU). Washington: Yakima Co.: 5 mi W of Naches, 1500 ft, May 14, 1981, J. D. Lattin, Quercus garryana (Fagaceae) , 3♀ (OSU).

Figures

Fig. 1. Habitus views of Tuxedo spp. See appendix 1 for localities.

Fig. 2. Male genitalia of Tuxedo spp. See appendix 1 for localities.

Fig. 5. Scanning electron micrographs of T. susansolomonae from USA: California: San Bernardino Co.: 0.9 mi W of Wrightwood. A. Head, 3, lateral view. B. Head, ♀, lateral view. C. Head, 3, anterior view. D. Mesothoracic spiracle and metaepisternal scent efferent system, lateral view. E. Pretarsus, frontal view. F. Setae on hemelytra. G. Hind femur, distal end, dorsal view. H. Genital segment, peglike setae on ventral surface, lateral view. Scales as indicated.