Chondrocyclus silvicolus, Cole, 2019

Cole, Mary L., 2019, Revision of Chondrocyclus s. l. (Mollusca: Cyclophoridae), with description of a new genus and twelve new species, European Journal of Taxonomy 569, pp. 1-92 : 23-26

publication ID

https://doi.org/ 10.5852/ejt.2019.569

publication LSID

lsid:zoobank.org:pub:79BE13FC-B840-4C39-8D25-3328BDCC44D2

DOI

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5586675

persistent identifier

https://treatment.plazi.org/id/6B37F514-8877-4BF0-8DC2-8B3EC2A17702

taxon LSID

lsid:zoobank.org:act:6B37F514-8877-4BF0-8DC2-8B3EC2A17702

treatment provided by

Plazi

scientific name

Chondrocyclus silvicolus
status

sp. nov.

Chondrocyclus silvicolus View in CoL sp. nov.

urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:6B37F514-8877-4BF0-8DC2-8B3EC2A17702

Figs 9 View Fig , 10C, F View Fig , 13 View Fig

Chondrocyclus alabastris – Connolly 1939: 539 View in CoL .

Diagnosis

Shell small, moderately depressed; protoconch mammillate and tilted; periostracum with widely spaced axial costae developing at the periphery broad flanges with pointed tips, tips are rounded not spinetipped; operculum duplex, exterior portion shallowly concave, with step-shaped multispiral lamella terminating in a long solid fringe reflexed over peristome; radula with two large cusps on second lateral tooth.

Etymology

The specific name is derived from the Latin ‘ silvicolus ’, meaning ‘an inhabitant of the woods’ and referring to the occurrence of the species in the largest forest blocks in South Africa, in the Knysna area.

Type material examined

Holotype

SOUTH AFRICA – Western Cape • Knysna Forest, Garden Route National Park, Diepwalle ; 33.95° S, 23.15°E; 28 Jan. 2011; M. Cole, V. Ndibo and R. Daniels leg.; NMSA P0639 About NMSA /T4156. ( Fig. 10C, F View Fig ) GoogleMaps

Paratypes

SOUTH AFRICA – Western Cape • 1 specimen; same collection data as for holotype; ELM D16892/ T45 GoogleMaps 4 specimens; same collection data as for holotype; ELM W3644 View Materials /T46 GoogleMaps 1 specimen; Knysna Forest, Diepwalle, Ysterhoutrug ; 33.9506°S, 23.1496°E; 28 Jan. 2011; M. Cole, V. Ndibo and R. Daniels leg.; ELM D16963/T45 GoogleMaps 4 specimens; same collection data as for preceding; NHMUK20160073 About NHMUK GoogleMaps 3specimens; same collection data as for preceding; NMW.Z.2016.003.00001 GoogleMaps 4 specimens; same collection data as for preceding; RMNH.MOL.338283 GoogleMaps 3 specimens; Knysna Forest Diepwalle, Ysterhoutrug ; 33.966° S, 23.150°E; 28 Apr. 1997; D. Herbert leg.; sorted from leaf-litter; NMSA V4710 About NMSA /T4126 GoogleMaps 1 specimen; Knysna Forest, Diepwalle, vicinity of King Edward VII Big Tree ; 33.9562°S, 23.1521°E; 28 Jan. 2011; M. Cole, V. Ndibo and R. Daniels leg.; ELM D16962/T53 GoogleMaps 17 specimens; Tsitsikamma Forest, near Paul Sauer Bridge ; 33.950°S, 23.933°E, 28 Apr. 1997; D. Herbert leg.; sorted from leaf-litter; NMSA V4730 About NMSA /T4125 GoogleMaps 31 specimens; Tsitsikama Forest, near Paul Sauer bridge over Storms River , 33.9674° S, 23.9293° E; 27 Jan. 2011; M. Cole, V. Ndibo and R. Daniels leg.; ELM D16893/T52 GoogleMaps 1 dry specimen; same collection data as for preceding; NHMUK 20160074 About NHMUK GoogleMaps 1 specimen in ethanol; same collection data as for preceding; NHMUK 20160075 About NHMUK GoogleMaps 1 specimen; same collection data as for preceding GoogleMaps ;

RMNH.MOL338284 • 14 specimens; same collection data as for preceding; ELM W3645 View Materials /T51 12 specimens; Goukamma N.R., 10 km west of Knysna , banks of Goukamma River 2.7 km upstream of mouth, riverine forest below River Lodge; 34.0591°S, 22.9389° E; 12 Mar. 2015; M. Cole leg.; ELM D17939/T47 GoogleMaps 4 specimens; same collection data as for preceding; ELM W 3869 View Materials /T48 GoogleMaps 10 specimens; Wilderness National Park , trail along west bank of Touw River opposite Ebb and Flow North campsite; 33.9843° S, 22.6073°E; 12 Mar. 2015; M. Cole leg.; ELM D17946/T50 GoogleMaps 1 specimen; same collection data as for preceding; ELM W3871 View Materials /T49 GoogleMaps .

Other material examined

SOUTH AFRICA – Western Cape • 1 specimen; Tsitsikama Forest, near Paul Sauer bridge over Storms River ; 33.9674° S, 23.9293°E; 16 Aug. 2014; M. Cole leg.; ELM D17972 GoogleMaps 2 specimens; Natures Valley, Kalanderkloof Trail, opposite Devasselot Restcamp , east-facing rocky slope; 33.971°S, 23.558° E; 27 Jan. 2011; M. Cole, V. Ndibo and R. Daniels leg.; ELM D16997 GoogleMaps 4 specimens; Natures Valley, North side of Groot River , near Devasselot Restcamp ; 33.966° S, 23.563° E; 27 Jan. 2011; M. Cole, V. Ndibo and R. Daniels leg.; ELM D16894 GoogleMaps 1 specimen; Knysna Forest, Diepwalle, Velsbroekdraai ; 33.9382° S, 23.1574° E; 28 Jan. 2011; M. Cole, V. Ndibo and R. Daniels leg.; ELM D16964 GoogleMaps 1 specimen; Goukamma Nature Reserve, 10 km west of Knysna, on banks of Goukamma River , 2.3 km upstream of mouth, riverine forest behind Forest Lodge ; 34.0614° S, 22.9396° E; 12 Mar. 2015; M. Cole leg.; ELM D17959 GoogleMaps 4 specimens; Goukamma Nature Reserve, 10 km west of Knysna, on banks of Goukamma River , 2.3 km upstream of mouth, riverine forest behind Forest Lodge ; 34.0614° S, 22.9396° E; 15 Mar. 2014; M. Cole leg.; ELM D17965 GoogleMaps .

Description

SHELL ( Fig. 13 View Fig A–C). Small, moderately depressed, adult diameter 3.76–6.10 mm, height 2.09–3.84 mm, diameter:height 1.5–1.97 (n = 49). Spire moderately exserted, protoconch mammillate and tilted. Embryonic shell ( Fig. 13D View Fig ) approx. 2.5 whorls, microscopically malleate, junction between embryonic shell and teleoconch evident with development of costae on teleoconch. Teleoconch comprising approx. 2.5 whorls, very convex, rapidly increasing, suture impressed. Aperture circular, last whorl descending near aperture, peristome simple, continuous and free. Umbilicus wide and deep, exposing all the whorls. Periostracum glossy, light yellowish-brown and lacquer-like with relatively widely spaced ridged, lamellate axial costae at regular intervals, 59–79 (n = 13) on last whorl, which produce broad, pointed flanges with rounded tips at periphery ( Fig. 13E View Fig ); intervals between costae with six to nine distinct microscopic axial threads. Shell translucent golden brown or creamy white when fresh.

LIVING ANIMAL. Head, tentacles and snout pigmented with grey; underside of foot creamy white.

OPERCULUM ( Fig. 13 View Fig G–H). Duplex, outer portion shallowly concave and consisting of multispiral lamella with 4.75 whorls, each step-shaped and increasing in height towards outside, sloping at growing edge; long fringe of fused bristles emanates near top of lamellar blade with a slight groove between fringe and lamellar blade; lamellar blade does not project above level of fringe; fringe of each whorl fused to lamella of following whorl.

RADULA ( Fig. 13F View Fig ). Rachidian with five cusps, central one approx. twice length of outer two on each side; first lateral tooth with three large cusps, one small and a vestigial fifth, third cusp (from centre) the largest; second lateral tooth with two very large cusps and two small ones on the outer side (outermost sometimes vestigial).

PENIS ( Fig. 13I View Fig ). Shaft more or less cylindrical, intromittent organ short.

Distribution and habitat

Western Cape, from Storms River to Wilderness (Touw River) ( Fig. 9 View Fig ). Indigenous Southern Cape Afrotemperate Forest and Western Cape Milkwood Forest ( von Maltitz et al. 2003); in leaf-litter.

Remarks

The shell is less depressed than in the majority of other species of Chondrocyclus . Chondrocyclu. herberti sp. nov. has similar proportions, but the costae in C. silvicolus sp. nov. are not as widely spaced ( Table 2) and have more pointed ends. C. silvicolus sp. nov. shells are also larger on average ( Table 2). The two species inhabit different environmental conditions. C. silvicolus sp. nov. is a species of the ancient Southern Cape Afrotemperate forests, while C. herberti sp. nov. is adapted to drier conditions. Forest patches between the Baviaanskloof with C. herberti sp. nov. and the Southern Cape Afrotemperate forests where C. silvicolus sp. nov. occurs, have not been sampled.

Chondrocyclus convexiusculus has similar proportions and relatively widely spaced costae, but the ends of the flanges are produced into a narrow point. The operculum is less concave and the radula differs in having three rather than two large cusps on the second lateral tooth.

NMSA

KwaZulu-Natal Museum

ELM

East London Museum

NMW

Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien

RMNH

National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis

Kingdom

Animalia

Phylum

Mollusca

Class

Gastropoda

Order

Architaenioglossa

Family

Cyclophoridae

Genus

Chondrocyclus

Loc

Chondrocyclus silvicolus

Cole, Mary L. 2019
2019
Loc

Chondrocyclus alabastris – Connolly 1939: 539

Connolly M. 1939: 539
1939
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